Orange/Apollo™ Tone Boosters

Transistors

Some of these boosters have a Germanium transistor and some have a Silicon transistor. Throughout this document we will use GE to mean Germanium and SI to mean silicon. We like both the GE and SI transistors in the boosters. The type of transistor is specified in documents associated with the brand of booster you are building. We have built Rangemaster™ with PNP and NPN GE transistors and also tried it with SI transistors. We like them all. NPN versions work with your other pedals on a shared power supply. PNP versions can be on shared power supply only with other PNP circuits, unless you use the Charge Pump wrapper in the circuit as described in that document (available on the Tone Booster project pages). Volume Control With the exception of the Rangemaster™, none of these boosters had a volume control. In today's market of guitar effects, having a booster with no volume control is nothing less than absurd. It was acceptable in the 1960's or early '70's when they first came on the scene and some of the Vox™ boosters were on-board on Vox™ guitars where the volume knob was handy, but we believe that most players would agree that we need a volume control on a booster stompbox. Thankfully, this is a very easy modification and does not effect the overall tone of the booster. Just add a pot at the end of the circuit in typical volume control fashion. We settled on a 100k linear pot, but any value or taper pot will work. Our replicas include, and we recommend adding a volume control. Bypass Switch Click While working with DIY replicas of all these different boosters we noticed one thing that they all had in common: they are all very susceptible to bypass switch pop. We added a pull down resistor on the input and output of all the versions and this stopped the pop and also doesn't effect the tone as far as we could tell. That is to say that we didn't notice any tone differences in the testing we did. It should be noted that if you use a volume control modification, then you don't need the pull down resistor on the output (R11) and due to the pot on input of the Orange & Apollo Boosters, they don't need a pull down resistor on the input (R8). Input Capacitor We have found that there is a great amount of interaction between the input cap (C1) and the transistor used as Q1. The interaction effects treble, distortion and overall volume output. For example, generally speaking, with lower hFE transistors, a small value input capacitor will give some extreme treble and not much volume boost. With

higher hFE transistors the same input cap (C1) doesn't give much treble boost but may give a great “boxy” mid-range sounding booster with lots of volume. With a larger input cap, you get into some very nice distortion sounds. You can tune your booster to have many different sounds just by variations in C1 and Q1. After you decide on a transistor for Q1, it makes a great modification to have a switchable input cap, which is what we have done on some of the units we built. The Tone Boosters We found that the Tone Control on the Apollo and Orange Boosters is very useful for tuning in the amount of treble or mid boost, but the bass boost on the lower half of the pot rotation was not useful for us, at least not for our simple sound tests. Also it should be noted that some volume is lost on the lower half of rotation of the Tone Control. Transistor Selection In our replicas, we tried to stick with similar or the same transistor types as used in the originals. We believe the silicon models (Fryer/May and Vox™) sound as good as or better (in some ways) than the germanium models (Rangemaster™, Orange and Apollo). They are all basically the same circuit with variations. The resistor and capacitor values are selected to work best with the type of transistor used. With capacitor modifications, any of them can be built to offer a distortion sound or can be built to be fairly clean boosters. The GE transistors have a bit more gritty sound, the SI transistors offer a more stable, reliable sound. Power If you use 9v battery power exclusively, then power is not an issue with the PNP circuit pedals. Any of the GE versions can be built with NPN GE transistors or PNP versions with a charge pump so that they can run on shared power with all your other pedals. We have a wiring diagram that shows the Rangemaster™ version with the charge pump “wrapper”. The power and ground wiring for the other PNP version would be wired the same way. Transistor Placement and Sockets Transistor sockets are provided with the kits. Some people like sockets, some people don't so use your own discretion when building your kit. The layout uses a CBE transistor pin pattern, some SI transistors have a ECB pattern and the pins need to be placed accordingly. See the photos below.